Introduction: Currently, a substance called casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate has been used as a substitute for fluoride mouthwash. This study aimed to compare the remineralization rate of fluoridated GC Tooth mousse with concomitant use of fluoride mouthwash and GC Tooth mousse on demineralized enamel lesions.Materials & Methods: In this laboratory study, 50 samples were selected from 30 intact human premolars, halved into buccal and lingual segments, and randomly divided into five groups. Enamel health was recorded using a DIAGNOdent device and Vickers micro hardness test.Afterwards, the remineralized agents were applied to the surface of samples for two weeks as follows: 1) Control, 2) Fluoridated GC Tooth mousse, 3) GC Tooth mousse, 4) Sodium fluoride mouthwash and 5) Sodium fluoride mouthwash+GC Tooth mousse. Repeatedly, enamel remineralization values were recorded via DIAGNOdent device, and data were analyzed using one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests.Results: Our findings indicated that no significant difference was observed between remineralization rate of fluoridated GC Tooth mousse and concomitant use of fluoride mouthwash and GC Tooth mousse, evaluated by DIAGNOdent device (P=0.959) and Vickers micro hardness test (P=0.884).Conclusion: According to the results, application of fluoridated GC Tooth mousse with concomitant use of fluoride mouthwash and GC Tooth mousse had a similar impact on remineralization of demineralized enamel lesions.

Introduction: Traumatic dental injury usually causes injury to hard dental tissue, periodontal tissue and dental pulp. Intrusion is the apical displacement of the Tooth towards the alveolar bone making it susceptible to infection and fracture. Materials & Methods: This report conveys intrusion management of a right maxillary central incisor of a tenyear old boy referred to Isfahan Dental School with dental trauma, with a follow-up of six, twelve and eighteen-months showing evidence of healing.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

Objectives Children frequently encounter dental problems related to traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). This study aimed to investigate TDIs among children aged 7-13 years, who were admitted to the Tehran School of Dentistry in Tehran, Iran. Methods This retrospective study was performed on 70 patients with 129 TDIs. Information, such as age at the time of the accident, gender, cause and type of TDI, the interval between the accident and the emergency care, and treatment, was gathered from the patients’ records. During the follow-up session, the pulp sensibility, probing, and percussion tests were conducted. The collected data was statistically analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test. The significance level was set at P<0. 05. Results A total of 129 TDIs were reported during 2018-2021. Maxillary central incisors (80. 62%) were the most commonly involved teeth, followed by maxillary lateral incisors (17. 82%) and mandibular lateral incisors (1. 55%). Falls were the main contributor to TDIs (31. 78%). The most frequent TDIs involved enamel-dentin fractures without pulp involvement (37. 20%) and subluxation (19. 37%), followed by enamel-dentin fractures exposing the pulp (10. 85%), avulsion (10. 85%), infraction (4. 65%), lateral luxation (3. 87%), intrusion (3. 87%), and extrusion (3. 10%). Splinting (26. 61%) and restoration (23. 74%) were the most frequent treatments. The average follow-up period was 2-3 years, with a survival rate of 67%. Conclusion It appears that a significant number of parents are unaware of the necessity of immediate treatment and regular follow-up after TDIs, which can result in a high rate of treatment failure.

The management of traumatic dental injuries as well as crown-root fractures is always challenging in everyday general dental practice. A number of treatment modalities are available for crown-root fractures, depending on the position, extent and severity of the fracture. The aim of this case report was to describe a clinical case of rehabilitation of a complicated crown-root fracture of the maxillary left central incisor, successfully treated by a multidisciplinary approach including orthodontic extrusion. The final result was esthetically pleasant and periodontally sound in the follow ups.

Introduction: Dental trauma mainly affects the anterior teeth, which can have significant effects on Tooth function, aesthetics, and speech. Extrusion refers to the relative Tooth displacement out of the socket. The emergency treatment in this injury is repositioning the Tooth and flexible splint for 2 weeks. Materials & Methods: The patient is 8-year-old boy with a chief complaint of trauma to the teeth. After confirming the diagnosis of traumatic extrusion injury, the Tooth # 9 was repositioned and splinted. During one-year follow-up, root canal calcification and normal response to pulp sensibility tests were observed.

Objectives Intrusive luxation is a severe type of dentoalveolar injury, which causes damage to the pulp and supporting tissues of a Tooth, as the Tooth is apically dislocated into the alveolar process. Case This report describes a case of re-eruption of an intruded immature severely ankylosed upper permanent central incisor. A seven-year-old boy was referred to the pediatric dental clinic three months after a traumatic injury. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed intrusive luxation of the immature left upper permanent central incisor. In the first visit, initial bracketing was performed, and the left central incisor was engaged. In the second visit (after four weeks), the Tooth showed no movement and produced a metallic sound in percussion. The Tooth was consequently luxated and engaged again with a heavier force and followed-up monthly. Conclusion It re-erupted completely, and the follow-up periapical radiographs showed that root formation continued, and the root apex was approximately closed.

Background: Dental trauma is a common problem in children, which mostly occurs at school. Traumatic dental injuries often cause unpleasant experiences for children, and immediate and appropriate measures are needed. Its prognosis depends on immediate posttraumatic measures, and schoolteachers can play a key role in the treatment of children. The current study aimed to investigate teachers’,knowledge about dental injuries in primary school children in the city of Isfahan. Materials and Methods: Following a cross‑, sectional design, the current study was conducted on 248 elementary school teachers who were selected using the simple two‑, stage random cluster. Then the teachers’,knowledge was measured based on a four‑, choice questionnaire consisted of two parts. According to this questionnaire, teachers were divided into five categories based on their knowledge score which was consist of strongly high knowledge, high knowledge, average knowledge, low awareness, and strongly low knowledge. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and independent t‑, test. Statistical significance was considered when P < 0. 05. Results: The total knowledge score of teachers was 45. 9%. About 61% of the teachers had a history of exposure to dental injuries. Furthermore, 49. 6% of them believed milk was the best environment to keep the avulsed teeth. There was no significant association between teachers’,knowledge and education level, history of previous trauma, or participation in a training course, but there was a direct association between teachers’,knowledge and their work experience (P < 0. 05). Female teachers’,knowledge score was significantly higher than their male counterparts (P < 0. 001). Conclusion: Participants had a moderate level of knowledge about the management of dental traumas. Hence, it is suggested to develop educational programs to increase teachers’,awareness about this issue

Background and Objectives: Dental trauma is a common problem seen in children. Since schools are one of the main places where traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) occur, school health care providers have an important role to reduce the possible consequences. The study aimed at examining the awareness and attitudes of elementary school health-care providers about the emergency management of TDIs in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all health-care providers of elementary schools in Kashan, Iran. Data were collected using a four-part questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation) by the SPSS 26 software. Results: Regarding emergency management of traumatic dental injures, the scores of health care providers’,knowledge and health care providers’,attitude were 65% and 86. 5%, respectively. There was no statistically significant association between the level of knowledge and a length of service, gender, and the educational level. Conclusions: The elementary school health-care providers did not have a high level of awareness about how to deal with TDIs.